- Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
- Vol: 13 Issue: 1-2
- ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ İŞLETMESİNDEKİ SÜT SIĞIRI AHIRININ SORUNLARI VE GELİŞTİRME OLA...
ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ İŞLETMESİNDEKİ SÜT SIĞIRI AHIRININ SORUNLARI VE GELİŞTİRME OLANAKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors : Ali Rıza Uluata, A. Vahap Yağanoğlu
Pages : 0-0
View : 8 | Download : 3
Publication Date : 2010-12-30
Article Type : Research
Abstract :ÖZET Bu araştırma, Atatürk Üniversiıesi Ziraat Fakültesi Işletmesinde"; 50 başlık kapalı ve duraklı süt sığırı ahırının çevre koşullarımn ve planlanma durumunun saptanması, bunların iyileşterilmesi, çiftlik te ve yö;ede yeniden yapılacak ahırlarda optimımı planlama koşullarının sağlanabilmesi için gözönünde bulundurulacak ilkeleri saptamak -amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ahmnda sıcaklık bağıl nem, havalandırma ve zafarlı gazların durumunu belirlemek amacıyla iki yıl süreyle iilçümler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veri/erin ışığı altında, araştırma ahırınm hayvan sağlığı ve verimini olumlu yönde etki!eyici çevr.e koşullarım sağlayamadığı,- uygun şekilde tertip ve tanzim edilmediği saptafl.mıştır. Araştırma son.ucunda, inpelenen ahırda uygun çevre koşulkmnm sağlanabilme- sine, tertip ve tazimindlişkin önerilerde bulunukırak; ffftlikte ve yörede uygulanaoilir nitelikte olan 50 başlık kapalı ve duraklr süt sığırı ahır planı hazırlanmıştır. SUMMARY "A Study on The Problems ofhe Dairy Bam in The "Experiment Farm of The Agcicultural College of Atatürk Universityand possibilities for The Improvement" This research is done to study the evnviroın.eutal conditions (temperature, reIatiye humidity, ventilation, Iighting) İn the 50 cattle stal1 bam in the Agricultural College of Atatürk University to determine the possibilities for the improvement of this bam and to rnake suitable plans for the da.jry barns in thi~ region. This study fs carried out for two years (1979-1981), There were 50 catdes in the bam their total weignt W~s 24879,2 kg. Thermohygrographs, recording weekly changes of the temperature and the, relative-humidity were used. The wind speed at the outside and air velocites in the openings w~re measured with different type of anemomemeter. The coneentratlOn of earbondioxide and amonium ga~es also were mea.sured. The results obtained from tese measurements and suggestions based on these results are listeel' below: -The average temperature 'in the bam was 9;7°C in the first year and 14.0oÇ in the second year of the study. These temperatures are in the optimum range suggested by the workers tn this field. -The average daily relative humidity is found 86,9 %in the first year and 91,0 % in the second year. These values are in the level which could adversely afect the ammaI health and yield. -Because of highrelative humidity, water co.ndenses on the struetural materİal of thebam. This conden..ation shortens the life of th materİals. Therefore, relative h.umuidty Ifiust be controlled by ventilation and vapor insulation to k-eep the .relative humudity İn the safe limits. -The a-verage lıeat condustivity values for the walls, the ro o{, the doors and the windows are determined. Theyare 2,535 WIm2 oC, 1,22~ Wlni.2 oC, WIm2 oC and. 5,882 WIm2 oC respectively. These figures are heigher than. the values suggested for the shelters in the cold regions. So the heat insulation of this bam has to be improved. -For designing purposes, 8 oC and LO oC temperatures and 80 % relative humidity for the inside.were selected -13 oC and 76 %relative humudity for the o'utdoor are taken to make the necessery ea-lculations. -The heat cQnduetİvity values should be 0,418 W/m2 oC, for the walls, 0338 W/m2 oC for the roof, 1,064 W/rn2 oC for the do'ots and 2,908 W/m2 oC for the windows the inside .teroperature is 8 oC and respectively 0,295 W/m2 oC, 0,198 oC, 1,064 W/m2 oC and 2,908 W/ m2 oC for the inside temperature 10 oc. -The air veloeities in the ''ientilatian out1ets were measüred and the average ventilation rate was ea1culated as 8,3 m3/h per 454 kg body weight of eattle. -The a~erage air veloeity in the bam İs faund out 0,3 m/s. This value is lower thea the permisseble level suggestecl. -It İs determined that the ventilation rate should be 83 m3/h per 454 kg body weight fOf the inside temperature 8 oC and 74 m3/h per 454 kg body weight for inside temperature 10 C to maintnin a suÜable environment in the bam. -The total area of the out1ets is 0,09 m2 and of the inlets is 0,13 m2. The total areas of theopenings and the ratio between them area not proper. The area of the inlets should be- U9 m2 for 8 oC and 1,03 m2 for ıo oC; these values for outlet should' be 0,86 m2 and 0,74 m2 respective1y. ·If a -rnchanieal ventiJation is desired, there is a need for there fans having ehangeable speed and capadty 1500-4100 m3/h.. -The lighting is accomplished naturally and artifiealJy. The ratio of the windows are a to floor area is 3,78 %and artificial lighting density is 2 WIm2. The natural I~ghting is suffieicnt but artlfieal lighting is not l1ıe lighting density should be 12 W/m2 fof the ineandesecent lamps and 2,4 W/m2 for the flomesecent lamps. -The amount of carbondioxide in the bam is between 432-1828 ppm and ammonia is between 4-22 ppm. These volues are lower than the permissiable limits. -The dimensİons of the barn are 9,05 m wide, 35,45 m Iong a!1d 3,20 m high. The inner volume is 23,125 m3 per 454 kg body wei~ eattIe. These figures are higher than what is required. . -Stone and reinforced concrete are used for the foundation and outside wans. whlch are 50 cm wide. Timber is used for the doors and the single glass -windows. it is advisable that bricks, adobes, cinder blocks and light conerete blocks should be used and doors have to be insulated and the windows should be double glassed. -The roof is gable type. The height from the f100r to the ridge of roof is 470 cm and the rise is 150 cm. The roof type İs properlY chosen, but unnecessarly reinforced conrete is extensively used and this İncreased the cost. -This bam dooes not have a celIing. it is advisabe to bui/d a eeiling to help the heat balance. -A 50 eattla dairy stall bam plan is prepored for this region.Keywords :