- Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi
- Vol: 3 Issue: 1
- ERZURUM OVASINDA PATATES EKİM VE HASADINDA MEKYNİZASYON İMKANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
ERZURUM OVASINDA PATATES EKİM VE HASADINDA MEKYNİZASYON İMKANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors : Poyraz Ülger
Pages : 0-0
View : 8 | Download : 3
Publication Date : 2010-12-11
Article Type : Research
Abstract :ÖZET Patates tarımımn mekanizasyonu yiJ'nünden yapılan bu çalışmada, araştırma bölgesinde mevcut durumda uygulanan patates ekim ve hasat usulleri tesbit edilmiş ve patates ekim ve hasadında mekanizasyon olanakları araştırIlmıştır. Bu nedenle, patates ekim ve hasadında ı el işi, 2 çeki hayvanı işi ve 3 traktör işi olmuk üzere 6 ayrı mekanizasyon kademesi ele alınarak, araştırma bölgesinin işletmle arazi ve enerji kaynağı durwnlarına göre uygwılukları ortaya konulmuştur. ARESEARCH ON MECHANITAITAN OF POTATA DRİLİNG AND HARVESTING İN ERZURUM VALLEY The purpose of this work, wich is beİng the fırst research or the Mechanisaiton of potato cultivation in the Turkey, is to determine the domestique methods aplied in potato seeding and harvesting in the research -region and the adaptability of the mechanisation to the regional condition. For this purpose, one kind of manual (man) work, two kinds of aminal drawn work and three kinds of tractor work summing six differant work method in potato seeding and harvesting has been considered and studied. So the suitability of the seeding and harvesting equipments, which are beeing used in differert mechanizaiton steps, to the conditions of regional farms, topografy and power surces been determined. The mechanisation tests, has been done on the fields at Atatürk Üniversity farm which is located on the Erzurum plain where soil conditions were suitable to potato cultivation and water for irrigation was available. The test beeing done in i 969 and 1970 continued two years. Each year, the parsels were selected in the same fileds and their size were such that the equipment could be used easilyo The 100 meter Jong and LS meter wide (Suitable for 20 furrow) parsels were distributed on random selected blocs, as three rep!icaiton. During the tests, the working depts rated widths speeds of trawe! and measurment distances has been keept equal. The mechanisaiton steps considered in the tests, were arreuged suitable to the reginal condihons and the equipment used for this steps were selected among those who are commenly used in the research region, available in the market and portionally constructed in Turkey. This idea in mind. during the seeding tests; hand tools, primitive plough, common frame two - way aniınal drawn plough common frame two - way animal darwn plough and two - row autamatic potato seede were used, during harvesting tests on the other hand, hand too1s, potato harvesting plough (pooled by animals) !Jpinners type (P. t.o. - driven) potato digger, chain type (P.t.o. - driven) potato digger and potato combine (P.Lo. - driven) were used. İn this manner the results obtained from the tests could be sum.merised as fallow: 1. The potato cnltivation in the research region is commenly beeing done on smail fields using man - power which is the most expensİve power source. This prevent the development of the potato cultivation in region. 2. The four different seeding methods med in mechanisation steps, effect to germination considerabely. The best germination result was obtained with the automatic seeder, ın conparation with the commen hand tools method, the automatic seeder coused shorten the germination period about LO-LS' days. 3. The constructive spesifications and working manner -of different equiments and tools, used, effect on the amount of bruised potatoes. In comperation with the other methods found the rate of brussed potatoes speeially high when spinners type (P.t.o. driven) potato digger was used. As regards of potato losses the best results was obtaind when hand fools step, and trador work step - 2 was used. 4. The fallowed meehanisaiton steps in field tests, effeet eonsiderably on the yield. İn spite of the minority of the potato Josses in manucıl work. step, the yield was 1513,66-2563,33 kg/da, becide that the yield with traetor, work step - 1, where the potato losses was maximum, has been found as 2792,00-2840.66 kg/da. The bast yield results on the other handhos been obtained with the traetor work step - 2 (2937,66-3070,33 kg/da). 5. The manuel work in potato seeding and harvesting deerases eonsiderabely with the İnerease of the degree of meehanİsaiton, While the need of man power per hectar beeİng 661, 00 man hours in hand work step, this amound of need decreases to 36,99 man power - hour/ha with the use of automatic potato seeder and potato. combine. This need is only % 11,24 of the need in hand work step. 6. The facility of use and the working capacity of the tools and equipments used in different type of mechanisation setps, are efTecting on the need of anİma] drawn hours and tractor hours. As regard of the need of animal drawn work, the primitive polugh is more handy than two - way anima! plough, As regard of he need of traetor work on the other hand, the best mechanisaiton step is "The tractor work step - 2" where chain type (P.t.o. - driven) potato digger was used. 7. The most effeetive factor whieh determines the possibility of mechanisation in potato seeding and harvesting is the cost per unit area. Between the meehanisation steps fallowed during the tests, the eost per unit area djffered considerably. in the meehanisation steps, labore costs and eosts of equipments effeet on the total cost per hectare. Since the rnanual work in the "hand work step" is too high the cost per hectare is also highst. Becide that the same cost per heetare amounted % 82,91; % 93.39; % 63. 58; % 52,30 and % 81,15 of the eost in "hand work step" by animal drawn work step - 1, animal drawn work step - 2, tractor work step - 1, tactor work step - 2 and tractor work step 3 respectİvely. As a result it can be said that the potato yield .increases with the rise of mechanisaiton step, but it seems in possible to replace completeIly the manua! ,work by usig equipments. Besjd that the labor eosts deeraesas in a certain limits with the rise of mechanisation. Amoung the mechanisation steps tested in this research, yield, necessity of manual work, and costs in mind, the bet results was obtained with the mechanisation step of "Tractor work step - 2", and it can be said that this th best meehanisaiton step for the research too. According to thejr degree of opplicability, the other mechan.isation steps could be ordered as fallow: Tractor work step . 3, tractor work step - 1, animal drawn work step - ı, animal drawn work step· 2, and rnanua] (man) work step. Amoung the aix mechanisaiton steps whose cahracteristics are determüıed with this researsch, one could prefare the proper mechanisation steps for the spesial conditions of his farm.Keywords :