ERZURUM ŞARTLARINDA AZOT VE FOSFORLU GÜBRELEME İLE SULAMANIN BAZI KIŞLIK BUĞDAYLARIN TANE VERİMİ, HAM PROTEİN ORANI VE ZELENY SEDİMANTASYON TEST KIYMETİNE ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
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Publication Date : 2010-12-14
Article Type : Research
Abstract :ÖZET Ekmeklik buğdayların verimi ile bembel' tanedeki ham protein oranının ı'e Zeleny Sedimantasyon Test Kıymetlerinin de yüksek ol· ması arzu edilir. Bu çalışmada, azot ve fosforlu gübrelerle sulamanın kış/ık buğdaylarm tane verimine ve tane kalitesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Erzurum Ovası topraklarında azot ve fosforlu gübrelerin kışllk buğdayların verimine etkisi, ön bitkiye göre. değişmektedir. Ön bitki hububat ise dekara tatbik edilen 6 Kg. N ve 7 Kg. Pı05 tane verimini sırasiyle dekara 19.5 ve 19.8 Kg. artı;mıştır. Ön bitki korunga olduğunda dekara 6 hatta 12 Kg. N'in ve 7 Kg. Pı05'in tane verimine etkisi olmamıştır. Denemenin yürütüldüğü iki yılda da tatbik edilen sulama suyu tane verimini çok önemli olarak etkilemiştir. Temmuz'un" ilk hl1ftasmda uygulanan 30 mm. sıılama suyu tane verimini dekara 21-26 Kg. artırmıştır; aynı miktar su temmuz'un son haftasında da uygulamnca ve rimdeki artış dekara 35·45 kg. olmuştur. Her iki yılda da kışlık buğdaylarm tane ham protein oranına yalnız nitrojenin etkisi çok önemli olmuştur; fosfor ve sulama faktörlerinin etkisi olmamıştır. Dekara 0, 6 ve 12 Kg. N verilen parsellerden alınan buğdayların ham protein oranları sırasiyle % 11.25-11.72, 12.78-14.02 ve 13.45-15.15 olarak bulunmuştur. Buğdayların ekmeklik kalitesine bir ölçü olabilen Zeleny Sedimantasyon Test Kıymeti üzerine nitrojenin müsbet, sulmanın menfi, fosfonm ise bir etkisi bulunmadığı tesbit edilmiştir. Eflect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers andirrigation on the yield, Protein Content and Zeleny Sedimantation Valufe of winter wheats Under the Ecological Conditiom of Erzurum In this research the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and irrigation on the yield, protein content and Zeleny Sedimantation values ofwinter wheats were exainİned. The experiments were conducted in 1971 and 1972 at number 6 and 4 well of the Experiment Station of Atatürk University which can represent the soils of most part of Erzurum vaHey, Bozostaya, Warrior, Lancer, Yayla-305 and Odin winter wheat varieties were used ın the experiments. Bezostaya, Warrior and Lancer produced more grain yield than Yayla. 305 and Odin. As two-year averages, the yields of varieties were 310, 296, 283, 217, and 216 kg/da. respectively. .In 1971, no significant difference was found between the effects of 6 and 12 kg. nitrogen levels; but 6 kg. N/da. level increased the yield by 19.5 kg/da.., as compared to unfertilized plots. In 1972, nitrogen did not affect the grain yield. Phosphorus affected the grain yield in the same way as did nitrogen in the first year, by inereasing the grain yield 19.8 kg/da. as compared with no-fertilizer treatment, at 7 kg. n05/da. leveL. In the in yie1d; but the inerease in yield was only 21 kg/da. it has been found that the expences of fertilizer applied did not compensate the inerease in the grain yield. In both years, watering treatmant affeeted the garin yield significantly. One irrigation during the g1Owing period increased the grain yield by 21.3 and 25.7 kg/da., two irrigation treatments incerased the garin yield by 35.,9 and 45.4 kg/da., in 1971 and 1972, respectively. The average curede protein contents of the wheat· varieties used in the experimens were 12.50-13.52 %, and the varietal differences were not significant at 5 % levet In both years, the only faetor effective on the crude protein contents of the winter wheat varieties was nitrogen. The other factors, phosphorus and water treatments shöwed 'no significant effeets on this character. The crude protein content inreased with :inereasing rates of nitrogen application. The crude protein eontents of the wheats harvested from the plots to which 0,6 and 12 kg.N/da. applied were 11.25-11.72; 12.78 - 14.02; and 13.45-15.15 % respectively. Varietal differences in Zeleny's sedimentation test values were signifieantly differ.ent in both years of experimentation. In 1971 the average Zeleny's sedimantation test values over water and fertiIizier treatment-s of the varieties Warrior, Bezostaya, Lancer, Yayla-305, and Odin were 57.28, 45.4~ 29,87, and 26.43 ml. respeetively. Bezostaya and Laneel', Yayla-305 and Odin weıe not signifieantly different in th.is respect; but there was a significant difference between the average test values of these groups. On the other hand, Warrior's sedim.antation "test values si.gnificant1y Çifferent from the other varieties. In 1972 thesedimantation test values of Bezostaya, Warrior and Laneel' vari.eties were 67. 31, 67. 03, and 56.26 ını., respective1y. The differences between these values were not siginifieant. There was not a signifieant difference between Yayla-305 (33.42 ını.) and Odin (25.25 ını.) in this respect; but the difference between the averages of these two groups was highly significant. it means the sedimentation test values of Warrior and Bezostaya were at the highest and that of Yay1a-305 and üdin were at the lowest level, in both years. The Laneer variety took an average position, with its sedimantition test values of 49.50 ml., as the two-year average. According to the i 97 i and 1972 results, nitrogen had a highly significant linear effect on sedimentation test values, whi1e phosphorus had no significant effec!. The sedimantation test ' values increased with increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization. In 1971, and 1972; 0,6 and 12 kg.N/da. levels of nitrogen ,gaye rise to the sedimentation values of 27.90, 43.97, 49.25 ml. and 41.07, 52.41, 56.09 ml. respectively. In the first year, all of the differences among these avereges were high1y significant; in the second year, the differenee between 6 and 12 kg.N/da. levels was not significant, but the difference between unfertilized and these two leve1s. In both years, the Ze.leny sedimentation test values of all varietiesthe average of fertilizer treatment decreased as the level of water treatment increased. The sedimentation test values of the wheats harvested from the plots which had O, 30 and 60 mm. levels of irrigation were 41.34,40.05 and 39.74 ml. in 1971; 50.77, 50.33 and 48.46 ml. in 1972 respectively. The differences between sediment
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