- Research in Agricultural Sciences
- Vol: 3 Issue: 1
- ERZİNCAN OVASI TOPRAK VE SU KAYNAKLARININ SULAMA YÖNüNDEN PROBLEMLERİ VE GELİŞTİRİLME İMKANLARI ÜZER...
ERZİNCAN OVASI TOPRAK VE SU KAYNAKLARININ SULAMA YÖNüNDEN PROBLEMLERİ VE GELİŞTİRİLME İMKANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors : Mehmet Apan
Pages : 0-0
View : 10 | Download : 4
Publication Date : 2010-12-11
Article Type : Research
Abstract :ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Erzincan Ovası topraklarının sulama yönünden önemli karekterleri incelenmiş ve bölgede tatbik edilen sulama metodları tespit edilmiştir. Bilhassa drenaj problemlerinin mevcut olduğu kısımlarda ıslatılması gereken toprak derinliği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sulamada kullanılan su kaynaklarının sulamaya elverişlilik yönünden Jln!flandınlmaları yapılmış ve sulama tatbikatlarında emniyetle kullanılıp kullanılmayacağı tayin edilmiştir. Ovada uygulanan bitki paterni gözönünde bulundurularak, her bitkinin aylık ve mevsimlik su tüketimi hesaplanmış, daha sonra randımanlar da dikkate alınarak ovanın toplam sulama suyu ihtiyacı hesaplanmıştır. A RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEMS AND lMPROVEMENT POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL-WATERRESOURCES OF ERZİNCAN VALLEY FOR IRRIGATION. The goal of this research is to study soil-water relations and to help use of present soil and water resources more productively. For this purpose soil charecteristics of these soils which are important for irrigation purposes and quality of irrigation water and water requirement of vaUey are investigated and advices are given to take necassary measurements. The result of the research carried out on irrigation and soils of Erzincan vaUey can be summarized as below: 1- The irrigation project of Erzincan valley is planned of irrigate 8250 hectares of irrigable lan.d of 27437 hectares, At present day, the completed project encloses only 7 000 hectares of land; but today only % 70 of this area is irrigated. The main course of the low-irrigation achievement is largely the result of farmer's lack of experience in irrigation practice and the lack of orga nizatİon. As a result of farmer's lack of experience in irrigation; the irrigation field efficieny of the existing' irrigation; the irrigation field effiviency o f the existing irrigation system as low % 32 to % 58. 2- The investigated soils of Erzincan valley are mainly loamy soils. The soil profites show differential layers. in general, the investigated soils are satisfactory for plant growth and in water holding capacity, 3- The particıe density of soils vary from, 2,22 to 2,95 and bulk density from 0,73 gr/cm 3 to 1,79 gr/cm3. The great variation in bulk density is due to soils layers. 4· The porosity of ınvestigated soils is varying along the layers of soil profHes and have the value of % 27,16 to % 70,17. 5- The total porosity of soils consist of % 0,5 - %43,20 large (non capillar), % 7,71 - % 81,10 middle and % 5,20 - % 72,23 tight or confined capillar. The distribution of porosity shows that, the investigated soils have a low air capaçity. In the view of this fact, these soils should be irrigated with care, so that the aif capacity of the soils maintained at at favourable level to the plant roots 6- The hydraulil! conductivity of the searched soils is varying with respect to the non cappillar porosity, from 0.02 cm/holl! to 23,20 cm/hour. 7- The constant intake rate of the soils range from 0,5 cm/hour to 50,2 cm/hour. With respect to the intake rate, the investigated soils mostly fall into "high" infiltration class. The accumulated infiltratioI1 (y) is expressed in the from of, y = a.tıı The constant (a) and (n) in this equation varies in a wide range. 8- The retention of water by soils varies with layers of soil profites in a great variation. With respect to the moisture retention, there exist a correlation between dayand silt content of soils. in general, the water holding capacity of the investigated soils are bigh. But soils that have a high percentage of day, also have a available moisture high wilting percentage and thus a low range. 9- For the first 60 cm depth of SO~ il profiles; the moisture range between field capaeity and permanent wilting percentage vary from 3,3 cm to 15,2 cm. 10- For the [irst 60 cm depth of soi1s of searched area, time required to bring the moisture content of soils from wi1ting percentage to the field capacity vary from 0,25 hours 10,75 hours. 11- For a uDifoem water distrubition in the soils, irrigation water should reach to the end of the furrows in 1{4 of the time required to WL the root zone of he plants. Wjth respect to the above fact; the calculated time, in which the irrigation water to reaeh the end of furrows varies from 0,06 hours to 2,68 hours. 12- In the searched area, where drainage proleıns exist, the ground water table is about 20 em belaw the surface. 13- The water used for irrigation in the investigated area, is classified as CıS ı and C2SI' 14- The irrigable land of the İnvestigated area is abont 27 437 hectares with a rotatian fitting the existing condition in the area, the fol1owing plant pattem can be espected : Small grain % 45,2; sugarbeet % 25,4; vegetable % 12,7; forage plant % 8,8'; orehards % 3,4; potatoes % 2'6 and dry beans % 2.0 of the irrigable land. The irrigation water requirement, caleulated by the Blaney-Criddle Method; is for smaIl grain 371,5; for sugarbeet 686,2; for vegetables 415,7; for forage plant 642,5 m.'11 and for orchards 562,9 mm. Taking the proposed plant rotation into consideration, the estimated seasonal irrigation requirement of the investigated area is about 1091,5 mm (based on in irrigation field effeeiency of % 45) The caıCulated peak demand of the irrigation requirement of the area is 350,2 mm in Jluly. if the irrigation water is conveyed by lined ehannels the above amount will rise to 4LO and if water conveyed by earth channels it would be about 500,3 mm.Keywords :