Review of Biomass Gasification Technologies and Models: Guidelines for the Ghanaian Situation

Authors : Gilbert Akolgo

Pages : 151-158

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Publication Date : 2019-12-28

Article Type : Review

Abstract :Biofuel as an alternative source of energy promises to be a more sustainable replacement of depleting fossil energy supplies and exhibits the potential for energy independence in emerging economies because biomass resources used for producing biofuels, especially lignocellulosic wastes are much easily obtained and processed for energy than other technologies available in developing countries . Despite the limitations of many current biofuel production technologies, in terms of resource potential, greenhouse gas emission reduction, ease of application and economic viability, there is considerable interest in biomass gasification. Over the years lots of gasification technologies and models have been developed worldwide. This study examines gasification technologies and mathematical models that have been presented by different authors for the last 35 years with emphasis on the situation in Ghana. The study found out that small scale, air-breathing, direct heating and fixed bed gasification devices are more suitable for the Ghanaian energy sector. For electrical power production, small scale and fixed bed gasifiers coupled with ICE engines generator was found to be the way to go. This perfectly meets the available local technical skills, the feedstock availability and market demand (mainly for cooking fuel). The study also found out that gasification is currently being used in Ghana for heating purposes only.  Particular attention is dedicated to integrated systems regarding biochar and energy targets. 
Keywords : Gasification, Mathematical Model, Biomass, Biochar