Genotype and Environment Effect on Yield and Quality Parameters and Stability in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions

Authors : Irfan Öztürk

Pages : 324-334

Doi:10.33462/jotaf.1222062

View : 90 | Download : 97

Publication Date : 2024-03-13

Article Type : Research

Abstract :The significant genotype by environment interaction is a major matter for wheat breeding research. The study was carried out for seven growing season (between 2010-2011 and 2016-2017) in the Edirne location in the Trakya region, Türkiye. Each year was considered as a single environment. In the study, a regional yield trial of 25 genotypes, 5 of which were standard cultivars were evaluated across seven environments. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The characters such as yield, days to heading, plant height, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, grain hardness and sedimentation value were investigated in the study. The result of the variance analysis (ANOVA) demonstrated considerable differences (p<0.01 and p<0.05) among environments for the characters and among genotypes except for test weight and grain hardness. The highest grain yielding cultivar was Gelibolu with 7234 kg ha-1. According to the results, the yield was affected by the environment by 70.90%, genotypes by 3.46% and their interaction by 11.35%. Environmental impact was responsible for much of the change. Mean grain yield over seven environments varied with the lowest being 4454 kg ha-1 in E6 and the highest being 8158 kg ha-1 in environment E4. The fact that there was an 83.2% yield difference between the environments in the study showed the importance of the environmental impact. The highest grain hardness, sedimentation value, gluten content and protein ratio were determined in E1. The biplot analysis results explained that Selimiye is an ideal cultivar and E1 is an ideal environment. In the study, E7 and E2 were the most discriminative environments, while E4 was the least discriminating. Among the varieties, Aldane had high values in terms of sedimentation, protein ratio and gluten value, while Pehlivan variety had high values in terms of test weight, 1000 grain weight and grain hardness. As a result of the research, the importance of genotype and environmental effects on yield and quality was also seen in this research.
Keywords : Ekmeklik buğday, çeşit, çevre, verim, kalite, GGE Biplot