- Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi
- Vol: 47 Issue: 2
- Tip 2 Diyabet Tedavisinde Kullanılan Exendin-4 ve Exendin-4’ün Alternatif Uygulama Yolları İçin Günc...
Tip 2 Diyabet Tedavisinde Kullanılan Exendin-4 ve Exendin-4’ün Alternatif Uygulama Yolları İçin Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Authors : Merve Çel?k Tekel?, Ye?im Akta?, Nevin Çeleb?
Pages : 265-280
View : 20 | Download : 3
Publication Date : 2022-08-01
Article Type : Review
Abstract :Diabetes is a chronic disease due to impaired glucose metabolism and usually presents with uncontrolled hyperglycemia or persistently high blood sugar levels. According to the tenth edition of the international Diabetes Federation, 10% of global health expenditures ($ 966 billion) are spent on diabetes. in turkey, the prevalence of diabetes is 15%, showing the fastest increase among european countries. type 2 diabetes is associated with abnormal insulin secretion or chronic insulin resistance, causing desensitization of the glucose uptake cells to insulin activity. incretin-based therapies have come to the fore in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in recent years. exendin-4, which is widely used in incretin-based therapies, binds to GlP-1 receptors with high affinity, causing glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the body, delaying gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon release and appetite. Also, exendin-4 increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptotic pathways in β-cells. commercial products of exendin-4 are Byetta® which is administered twice daily and long-acting Byderuon™ which is administered once weekly via parenteral route. the presence of drawbacks of parenteral administration such as problems in patient compliance and feeling of pain due to injection led researchers to search alternative administration routes such as oral, pulmonary, transdermal, ocular, nasal, vaginal and rectal routes. in this review, exendin-4’s properties, mechanism of action, therapeutic efficacy, new approaches and studies on alternative delivery routes of exendin-4 are mentioned.Keywords : exendin-4, diabetes, oral route, pulmonary route, transdermal route, nanocarriers